Wednesday, February 28, 2007

Derrida's Distinction between Who and What in Love and Being

I was interested in Derrida's distinction between the "Who" and the "What" in love and Being. Usually, when someone says they are in love without another person - let's call them Jack and Jill - one thinks that Jack loves Jill as Jill (her "self" or her "soul"). However, Derrida argues that there is no self to Jill, because a self would require a center, and the universe is 'decentred.' This is the "Who" that we take for granted; we falsely assume Jill has a static essence.

Obviously, Jill changes physically as she gets older, developing in many different ways, even regenerating completely new cells - physically, Jill is a continuous process of change; even mentally, things are in constant process and Jill is always thinking of different things or in different ways (which contributes to her changing interpretation of herself). But what makes Jill at five years old the same person as Jill at tweny-five? Physically and mentally, Jill is different. She may have memories of her past, but memories are vague interpretations of truth and are unreliable (which becomes a major criticism of the psychoanalytic process, because psychologists were creating memories in their patients mind of events that never happened). So what is it that stays constant? What is it that allows us to say young Jill and old Jill are the same Jill?

The self, of course. But remember, there is no self because there is no center. Jill is "always already" changing in fluid process, meaning that at any given moment she is not a thing, not a "Who." Rather, she is a process of becoming (Sidenote: I would argue that, at one single moment, if time were paused, Jill cannot be in process because process depends on causality, and both process and causality depend on the flow of time. So what is Jill in that frozen moment? She is Jill, technically with a center, yet that center is a "substitution" as Derrida would call it, and will be something different the next moment - maybe not vastly different, but different nonetheless. But in any case, in that frozen moment Jill as Jill, as a "Who," can be interpreted, but it's an inevitably faulty interpretation since it is a fleeting identity).

So how can Jack love Jill as a "Who"? The answer is he doesn't. What Jack is in love with is Jill as "What?" This means that Jack loves what he associates with Jill, not what is part of Jill's essence.

Jack loves Jill's fiery personality. He loves the way she acts towards him, the things she says to him, and how she says them. But all these things are not Jill. Because these things can change. Very often, it is because people change in different directions that their relationships fall apart. If Jill stopped acting compassionatley and lovingly towards Jack, then Jack would see Jill differently, and he would still be in love, but he'd be in love with his idea of what Jill was, not with how he sees Jill now. This is the "What" that Derrida talks about. Jack is in love with the "Whats" that he associates with his conception of Jill's "self." If those "Whats" change drastically enough and for a long enough period of time (which is what happens when people naturally change), Jack will eventually associate these new "Whats," these new personality traits with what he currently considers Jill's self. Thus, he will no longer love Jill (except in his memories, where he keeps alive the conception of what he used to associate with her - and even that is a love of "What" not of "Who").

5 comments:

Marie said...

Your post was really well stated. I tried to express this notion to someone on Monday night, and couldn't quite get it right. I really liked your lines "So how can Jack love Jill as a "Who"? The answer is he doesn't. What Jack is in love with is Jill as "What?" This means that Jack loves what he associates with Jill, not what is part of Jill's essence." That sums it up so well for both me and the person that I am going to copy paste that to later. Thanks!

... said...

I can most certainly follow what you are saying and i agree with marie that your post is well stated, but i think i hate this idea of love in the Derrida sense. I like to keep this idea of there being a self with in the self (i am aware that that self is socially constructed...contradition i know); i would like to think that my personality is mine and will not change once i am comfortable.

I think i maybe like to leave love out of theory...maybe i am just a dreamer when it comes to love, thinking that it is pure and that it goes beyond the physical attraction...and it is not just how the other person acts toward you, or what they say (it is there personality that's within those elements of speech). I am not sure what i am saying because it is really not that clear in my head but all i know is that the way i see love is the way i see love and i dont want anyone to tell me that it is not ME that the other is in love with. I dont know...like i said before i want love to be less interferring then what theory sees it as.

FullFlavorPike said...

Perhaps you aren't so wrong to want to love a 'who.' After all, 'what' someone is is perpetually standing in for the absent 'who' he/she is. While, at the theoretical level, and at the level of absolute truth (which is a farce, oui?), there is a difference between 'who' and a supplemental 'what,' at the level of the real, the level at which we all operate, the distinction is imperceptible. As the 'what' you are stands in for the 'who' you cannot be, it becomes the 'who' in a very real way. As the 'who' is absent, and the 'what' is defined (in a system of difference) as that which it is not, then it is clearly not the absent 'who' but the effectively present 'what.' That supplement is as close to a true center as can be acheived in the de-centered world and is therefore (maybe) Who you love.

John Winger said...

me and a close friend had a conversation about this stuff about a week ago. he told me something to the effect that when he wakes up in the morning, he ultimately feels like "himself", as if his being or essence is fixed. it was obvious to me at that point that this was a quality i love about my friend- his mind power. are you the same person you was when you were five years old? a question like this might have to fall back on a philosophy of perception and the "i". but i thought about what he said and came to the conclusion that stoicism is obliterated by a post structualist view.

Robbie G said...

I'm glad I was able to explain this clearly; it took me a while to write it in a way that I thought made sense. But writing this post definitely helped me think about and understand the concepts better.

To comment on self and love: modern neuroscience says that there is no self the way we normally think about it. The Self is basically a story, a narrative, that your brain creates. At every successive moment "you" are something different, but your brain weaves the process together to make sense of it (which helps with survival, reproduction, and overall thriving in an environment).

But I don't think that this is necessarily a depressing thing because "you" are what you make of yourself. When someone loves you, they are in love with the way you are...but you have the freedom to help decide who you are. Conscious effort allows you to alter your brain's story, which means you have power over your personality (though, unconscious forces are quite powerful and do control a lot). But the point is that you have the power to compromise with someone and choose to grow with them, rather than away.

I think that's powerful. To have enough trust and faith in a person to compromise your own personal growth and commit to them to grow in the same direction...that is love.

And what causes that kind of love? Yes, it is mostly physical (love is essentially an addiction). But my own belief is that every person has different natural rhythms, and some rhythms fit well with others, which is why some people have natural chemistry together (both physically and personality-wise); and through conscious effort you can work with those rhythms and alter them (by rhythms I just mean, very generally, the system of patterns of the way you think and act). So the play between going with your natural rhythms and consciously altering those rhythms creates the overall "song" of you. And that is what people fall in love with.

Is it so bad that someone loves you partly because of the way you naturally are, and partly because of the way you want to be and choose to be? It may not be "pure" love, but from a pragmatic stance, it's close enough.